It is a congenital (congenital) chest wall deformity described by Alfred Poland in 1841. Unilateral pectoral (upper chest) muscles, the absence of a different number of rib defects, breast abnormalities, weakness of subcutaneous adipose tissue, pectoral and axillary (armpit) is a rare syndrome that is characterized by the absence of hair growth, and hand anomalies. it occurs every 30-32 thousand births. It is two to three times more common in men than in women.

 

 

The etiology, that is, why the disease originates, is not exactly known. The syndrome usually does not manifest itself familially. The fact that patients have anomalies in more than one area and to different degrees is due to differences in the timing of death in cells. Findings such as the absence of pectoral muscles and limb anomalies are caused by “early mutations”, while minor components such as skin November are thought to be caused by “late mutations”. There is also a vascular (vascular) based hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, temporary blood flow is interrupted in the subclavian artery (arm artery) or its branches in the early embryonic period. There are cases who have been diagnosed with Poland syndrome and angiography has shown that the subclavian artery does not develop well on the side affected by the syndrome or that there is a stenosis in this artery. These cases are significant in terms of supporting the causes of vascular origin, as well as indicating that vascular malformations may accompany the syndrome. It has also been reported that taking certain medications during pregnancy can cause the appearance of the syndrome. In addition, it has been shown that maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of developing the syndrome twice.

 

 

Poland syndrome does not restrict the physical activity of patients. The discomfort felt by the current image in these patients is the main reason for their admission to the hospital. The main complaints of the patients are related to the asymmetrical body appearance. Therefore, the goal of surgical treatment is the stabilization of the chest wall and the provision of an optimal body image. Cases other than the fact that the absence of ribs or cartilage in Poland syndrome creates paradoxical breathing are evaluated only from an aesthetic point of view. The syndrome holds one side of the body. There is 60-75 percent right side involvement. There are several reported cases of bilateral Poland syndrome. The appropriateness of the definition of Poland syndrome for these patients is also controversial. Patients rarely experience functional difficulties. Mostly aesthetic complaints are in the foreground. Hand anomalies are also accompanied in 13.5-56 percent of patients with Poland syndrome. Shortness, adhesions and the combination of both are common in the fingers.

 

 

It is possible to diagnose Poland syndrome with a good observation. November October A physical examination by hand will also be able to give an idea for additional anomalies other than the affected muscles. The pectoralis major muscle was November affected in all patients. It has been reported that the pectoralis minor muscle is absent in 75 percent of patients with Poland syndrome November. In breast anomaly, the small size of the nipple (hypothelia) compared to the opposite side and the fact that it is located at an upward level draws attention. This condition is present in 30 percent of female patients. Underdevelopment of the breast, weakness of the subcutaneous tissue, absence of hair in the armpits and upper chest can also be added to the table. Less often, the absence of a nipple and the absence of breast tissue can be observed. The first examination examination of the patients is direct radiographs. In patients with the syndrome, chest deformities and hand anomalies that may possibly accompany can be evaluated by direct radiographs. The side where the syndrome is located can be monitored directly on lung radiographs, and the tendency of the heart to shift towards the intact side should not be overlooked either. Underdeveloped and deformed ribs may cause slight chest pressure on the side held by the syndrome. The most common chest deformity in patients with Poland syndrome is mild chest flattening. In 11 to 25 percent of patients with the syndrome, the absence of the anterior part of more than one rib is traced, and severe chest deformity is observed in these patients. Apart from these many diseases that are associated with the syndrome and other diseases therefore is subject to the accompanying radiograph in addition to introducing the components of the disease, blood count, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyography (EMG), echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound of the implementation will be in place. CT also allows for the planning of the treatment to be applied.

 

 

There are mostly aesthetic concerns in patients. A large part of the treatment demands is the provision of body symmetry. The most commonly applied surgical correction for cosmetic problems is to place a silicone prosthesis suitable for the patient with three-dimensional imaging in the area where there is no November muscle. In cases with rib defects, chest wall reconstruction can be performed with grafts prepared from the patient's own ribs. Treatment consists of different surgical methods or a combination of these methods. Preoperative evaluation is as important as the treatment method to be chosen